Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College & Hospital, Brahmapur, popularly known as M.K.C.G. Medical College & Hospital is set up by the Government of Odisha and functions under the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Odisha. The medical college was set up with the basic aim of providing medical and para-medical education, to produce excellent healthcare professionals for the community, as well as to render tertiary health care to the people of south-western Odisha. The medical college campus spans over an area of 162 Acres.This prestigious institution is the Alma Mater to more than 5000 M.B.B.S. graduates and more than 1000 postgraduates (M.D/M.S) and para-medics like nursing, medical laboratory techniciansetc. All the courses run by the institute are recognized by the professional bodies like Medical Council of India, AICTE, etc.

In the year 1961, the institution was started as an extension wing of S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack with an annual intake of 40 students. It was soon shifted to Brahmapur in the year 1962 and started functioning in the buildings ofthe District Head Quarter Hospital, popularly known as City Hospital, Brahmapur, using it as its teaching hospital.In 1963, the then Health Minister of Odisha, Late Dr. P.V. Jagannath Rao laid down the foundation stone of the present building. The building construction work started in 1966 and was completed in 1969. The building was inaugurated by Late Sri. R. N. Singh Deo, the then Chief Minister of Orissa on 21st February 1969. Thereafter, the college started functioning in its new building. But, the hospital still continued to function in the District Head Quarters Hospital, i.e. City Hospital until the construction of the present hospital building in the campus in the year 1973.Till date, City Hospital, Berhampur serves as the satellite hospital of this medical college for teaching and training of medical students.

During the formative period of 1963 to 1973, Prof. Sukumar Das, an eminent Surgeon of his times, an able administrator and an excellent teacher, was the Principal of the medical college. He is considered as the chief architect of this prestigious institution.At the time of inception, it was formally named as Berhampur Medical College and later on it was named after the legendary person, who was instrumental in the formation of Odisha State, i.e. the first Prime Minister of Odisha State, Late Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati. The initial admission strength of 40 MBBS students per year has gradually increased over the years to 75 in 1962, 100 in 1963, 107 in 1984,150 in 2007 and 250 in 2016. Postgraduate coursed were started in 1971-72 session in the disciplines of Physiology, General Medicine, General Surgery followed by Pharmacology, Pathology, SPM, Paediatrics, Orthopaedic Surgery, ENT, Ophthalmology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Anaesthesiology in 1972-73. Anatomy, FMT and Biochemistry post-graduate courses were started during the sessions 1974-75, 1977-78 and 1979-80 respectively. Recently the Medical Council of India has permitted to run two seats in D.M (Cardiology), D.M (Endocrinology).M.K.C.G. Medical College Hospital, Brahmapur, during its more than fifty years of existence, has produced a large number of doctors, specialists, super specialists who have worked or working in different parts of the country and abroad. The strong academic and practical foundations built during their study in this institution have enabled them to prove their professional excellence in different specialties not only in India but also in different parts of the world.